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一位聽(tīng)眾來(lái)信詢問(wèn)單詞 “per” 的用法以及它是否有 “按照(政策或法規(guī))” 的意思。介詞 “per” 最常見(jiàn)的用法是 “per + 名詞”,表示 “每,每一”,用在與金錢(qián)、時(shí)間、距離等有關(guān)的話題中。比如: “per month(每月)”、“per hour(每小時(shí))”。“Per” 與介詞 “as” 搭配使用時(shí),“as per” 的意思相當(dāng)于 “according to(按照,根據(jù))”。本期節(jié)目講解單詞 “per” 的常見(jiàn)用法。
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文字稿
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Phil
Hello, this is Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Phil.
Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期節(jié)目的問(wèn)題來(lái)自一位聽(tīng)眾,問(wèn)題由我來(lái)代讀。
Question
Hi! 想要投稿提問(wèn),一般 “per” 這個(gè)詞是如何使用的呢?好像可以用在 “依據(jù)(政策)、依據(jù)(規(guī)定)” 等說(shuō)法里,但又沒(méi)有查到相關(guān)例句和依據(jù)。多謝!
Phil
I like this question! OK, 'per' has different uses – we'll look at the most common and then the specific one that you asked about.
Jiaying
“Per” 最常見(jiàn)的用法與 “事物的單位比率或比例” 有關(guān),意思是 “每,每一”。這里,“per” 是介詞,放在名詞前。比如:“per month(每月)”、“per second(每秒)”。
Phil
That's right. Because it's a bit mathematical, you'll see it a lot in business and science. Listen to these examples:
Examples
We've been making a profit of £5m per month.
(我們每月都有500萬(wàn)英鎊的盈利。)
The asteroid was travelling at a velocity of 18 kilometres per second.
(這顆小行星那時(shí)以每秒18公里的速度運(yùn)行。)
Jiaying
在上面的例句中,“per” 的意思和 “事物的單位比率或比例” 有關(guān)。我們將 “per” 分別與 “month” 和 “second” 搭配使用,構(gòu)成了 “per month(每月)” 和 “per second(每秒)”。這個(gè) “per + 名詞” 的結(jié)構(gòu)同樣適用于談?wù)摻疱X(qián)、距離或時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的單位數(shù)量。
注意,“per” 除了可以用在上述語(yǔ)氣較正式、專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的句子中以外,還可以用在與價(jià)格、汽車(chē)和運(yùn)動(dòng)等有關(guān)的日常話題中,含義還是 “每”。聽(tīng)三個(gè)例句。
Examples
The rent is £1500 per month.
(租金是每月1500英鎊。)
The speed limit is 70 miles per hour.
(限速為每小時(shí)70英里。)
She averages 30 goals per season.
(她平均每個(gè)賽季進(jìn)30球。)
Jiaying
上面的三個(gè)例句不如前面聽(tīng)到的兩個(gè)例句那么正式,但在日常類話題中,我們常用不定冠詞 “a” 或 “an” 來(lái)替換 “per”,句意不變。再來(lái)聽(tīng)一遍上面的三個(gè)例句,每個(gè)例句后,我們會(huì)播放同一句話中 “per” 被 “a” 或 “an” 替換后的版本。
Examples
The rent is £1500 per month.
The rent is £1500 a month.
(租金是每月1500英鎊。)
The speed limit is 70 miles per hour.
The speed limit is 70 miles an hour.
(限速為每小時(shí)70英里。)
She averages 30 goals per season.
She averages 30 goals a season.
(她平均每個(gè)賽季進(jìn)30球。)
Phil
Another way of thinking about this usage is that 'per' means 'for each', and actually, there's a really common expression that we can use to say 'for each person'. It's 'per head'.
Jiaying
沒(méi)錯(cuò),我們可以把 “per” 看成 “for each”。比如,搭配 “per head” 就相當(dāng)于 “for each person”,意思都是 “每人”。來(lái)聽(tīng)兩個(gè)使用了搭配 “per head” 的例句。
Examples
Lunch is £20 per head.
(午餐每人20英鎊。)
In a year, British people eat 389 biscuits per head.
(英國(guó)人每年人均吃掉389塊餅干。)
Jiaying
上面我們講了 “per” 作介詞時(shí)表示 “每,每一” 的用法。但問(wèn)題中提到,“per” 是不是還可以表示 “按照(政策和規(guī)則)”,答案是可以。但在表達(dá)這個(gè)含義時(shí),更常用介詞搭配 “as per(按照,根據(jù))”。來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) “as per” 具體該怎么用。
Examples
You have been disqualified as per the rules of the competition.
(根據(jù)比賽規(guī)則,你被取消了參賽資格。)
We do not give refunds as per our returns policy.
(根據(jù)本公司的退貨政策,我們不予以退款。)
Phil
So, 'as per' here means according to the rules of the competition or according to the returns policy. It would be possible to use 'per' on its own here, but it's less common. We can also use 'as per' more broadly to mean 'according to'.
Jiaying
原來(lái),我們雖然可以省略 “as per” 中的 “as”,但單獨(dú)用 “per” 表示 “按照,根據(jù)” 的用法相對(duì)沒(méi)有那么常見(jiàn)。
另外,“as per” 后面接的不一定是 “政策,規(guī)則”,還可以是其它事情?!癆s per” 其實(shí)相當(dāng)于 “according to”。請(qǐng)聽(tīng)例句。
Examples
As per our conversation yesterday, I won't be completing the work.
(正如我們昨天談話中說(shuō)的,我完成不了這項(xiàng)工作。)
We set it up as per the instructions.
(我們按照說(shuō)明進(jìn)行了裝配。)
Phil
Now, there's also a very common phrase that we use with 'as per'.
Jiaying
這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是 “as per usual(像往常一樣)”,也就是我們平時(shí)說(shuō)的 “照?!薄B?tīng)兩個(gè)例句,學(xué)一學(xué) “as per usual” 怎么用。
Examples
We had to do it all again, as per usual.
(像往常一樣,我們不得不重做一遍。)
We wanted to have a picnic, but as per usual, it rained all day.
(我們本想去野餐,但天氣卻和往常一樣,雨下了一整天。)
Jiaying
在這兩個(gè)例句中,“as per usual” 的意思都是 “照常,像往常一樣”,用英語(yǔ)解釋就是 “according to what usually happens”。
Phil
So, we've just had a look at different meanings of 'per' and how it can be used to mean 'according to'.
Jiaying
As per usual, we hope that we've answered your question.
Phil
Remember that if you have a question you'd like us to answer, you can email us too. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過(guò)微博向我們提問(wèn)。我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone.
Phil
Bye!