Raw milk 生鮮奶

學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

有關(guān) “dairy products 奶制品” 的詞匯

邊看邊答

How much has the demand for raw milk increased in the past five years?

文字稿

Like his father and grandfather before him, Johnny Crickmore is a dairy farmer. But trying to make money from milk these days has never been harder. So at the moment, around 40% of his production is focused on raw milk sold directly to the public.

就像他的父親和祖父一樣，約翰尼·克里克莫爾是一個(gè)奶農(nóng)。但如今，靠牛奶賺錢的日子著實(shí)不易。所以目前克里克莫爾將 40% 的生產(chǎn)力集中在直接向公眾出售生鮮奶。

The milk we buy normally is pasteurised, heated to destroy any harmful bacteria it may contain. Producing raw milk means hygiene standards have to be high.

我們平時(shí)購(gòu)買的大多是經(jīng)過(guò)巴氏滅菌法消毒過(guò)的牛奶，這種方法通過(guò)對(duì)生奶加熱而殺死奶中可能含有的有害細(xì)菌。生產(chǎn)生鮮奶的衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求很高。

Jonny Crickmore, Dairy farmer
The thing you do is want to have a visual look at the milk. Make sure it's the right colour and there's nothing… no infection in the cow's quarter. Secondly you would use this surgery disinfectant. That goes on the cow's teat and then you go over it afterwards with this wood wool. And that will get the teat as clean as you could possibly get it before you put the unit on.

約翰尼·克里克莫爾 奶農(nóng)
首先，我們需要看一看牛奶，以確保顏色正常，乳房也沒有感染。其次，要使用這種手術(shù)用的消毒劑。這用在牛的乳頭上，之后再用這個(gè)木棉把它擦一遍。這樣就能在安上這個(gè)裝置之前盡可能地把乳頭擦干凈。

The past five years have seen an explosion in the demand for raw milk - a fivefold increase from around six hundred thousand litres in 2012 to more than three million last year. Now, the Food Standards Agency is undergoing a consultation looking at how the burgeoning industry should be controlled.

在過(guò)去五年里，生鮮奶的需求激增，從 2012 年的 60 萬(wàn)升增長(zhǎng)到去年的 300 多萬(wàn)升，增長(zhǎng)了五倍。目前，英國(guó)食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局正在就如何管控這個(gè)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行商討。

Dr Kevin Hargin, Food Standards Agency
Between 2015 and 2017, there were five outbreaks related to raw drinking milk and involving over 100 people and many of them were children as well. And we had quite a few hospitalisations from those outbreaks as well. So it is a risky product.

凱文·哈因博士 英國(guó)食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局
在 2015 至 2017 年間，英國(guó)發(fā)生了五起與生鮮奶有關(guān)的疫情，涉及 100 多人，其中許多是兒童。他們當(dāng)中一些人還接受了住院治療。所以這是一個(gè)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的產(chǎn)品。

Direct farm sales mean raw drinking milk is measured not in food miles but in food feet, but it being allowed to travel further afield to shops and larger retailers remains a fair distance away.

因?yàn)檗r(nóng)場(chǎng)直接銷售生奶，所以生牛奶不存在 “食物里程數(shù)” 的問題，但允許將生奶售往更遠(yuǎn)的商店和更大的零售商那里，尚需時(shí)日。

詞匯

dairy farmer 奶農(nóng)

raw milk 生鮮奶，生牛奶

pasteurised 經(jīng)過(guò)巴氏滅菌法消毒的牛奶

teat （雌性哺乳動(dòng)物的）乳頭

問題答案

In the past five years, the demand for raw milk has increased fivefold.